For many permanent residents preparing for naturalization, one of the most common questions is: “Can I take the citizenship test in Spanish?” The straightforward answer is that for most applicants, the test must be taken in English. However, there are very important exceptions that may allow you to take the civics portion in Spanish or another language. At Rebecca Black Immigration, PA, we guide our clients through these rules every day to make sure they understand exactly what to expect.
The Standard English Requirement
U.S. immigration law requires most applicants for naturalization to demonstrate basic English skills. This requirement is evaluated in three ways. Speaking is tested during your naturalization interview, when the USCIS officer asks questions about your Form N-400 application and your personal history. Reading is assessed by having you read a simple sentence aloud, usually related to U.S. history or government. Writing is measured by asking you to write a short dictated sentence that is also drawn from basic civics vocabulary.
The goal is not to test fluency or advanced grammar but to confirm that you can understand and communicate basic information. For this reason, the test is not generally offered in Spanish. However, this does not mean that all applicants must take the test in English.
Who Qualifies for a Language Exemption?
Certain groups of applicants may be exempt from the English language requirement and allowed to take the civics test in their native language, including Spanish. These exemptions are based primarily on age, length of residency, or medical conditions.
The 50/20 Rule applies if you are at least 50 years old and have lived in the United States as a lawful permanent resident for 20 years or more. In this case, you may take the civics portion of the test in your own language, with the help of an interpreter.
The 55/15 Rule applies if you are 55 years old or older and have held permanent residency for at least 15 years. Like the 50/20 exemption, this allows you to take the civics test in Spanish rather than English.
The 65/20 Rule offers an additional benefit. If you are 65 years or older and have been a permanent resident for at least 20 years, you are exempt from the English portion of the test and are also eligible for a simplified version of the civics test that includes only 20 questions. This portion may also be taken in Spanish.
Medical disability exemptions are also available. If you have a physical or mental disability that prevents you from learning English or civics, you may be excused from one or both parts of the test. This requires filing Form N-648, which must be completed by a licensed medical professional.
These exemptions ensure that age, long-term residency, or medical conditions do not become insurmountable barriers to citizenship.
Preparing If English Is Not Your First Language
Even if you do not qualify for an exemption, preparation can make the English requirement achievable. USCIS provides official vocabulary lists, and the reading and writing tests use only words from this list. Practicing these words and sentences can greatly improve your confidence. Daily exposure to English, whether through conversations, television, or radio, helps strengthen listening and speaking skills. Community organizations and libraries often offer citizenship classes, which can provide both English instruction and civics preparation.
It is important to remember that the USCIS is not evaluating perfection. The goal is functional English, enough to show that you can participate in daily life and understand the basics of U.S. history and government. For applicants who do qualify for exemptions, continuing to practice some English may still help reduce stress during the naturalization process.
What Happens If You Do Not Pass the First Time?
Many applicants worry about failing the English portion of the test. The good news is that USCIS offers a second opportunity. If you fail either the English or civics portion of the exam, you will be scheduled for a second interview within 60 to 90 days. During this second attempt, you only need to retake the portion you did not pass the first time. If you pass one part but fail another, you do not have to repeat the entire test.
If you do not pass after two attempts, USCIS will deny your application, but you may reapply by filing a new Form N-400 and paying the fees again. With proper preparation and guidance, however, most applicants succeed.
How Rebecca Black Immigration, PA Can Help
At Rebecca Black Immigration, PA, we understand how intimidating the naturalization process can be, particularly for applicants who worry about the language requirement. Our team carefully evaluates whether you qualify for an exemption based on age, residency, or medical need. If you do, we assist with the necessary documentation, including Form N-648 where applicable. If you do not qualify for an exemption, we provide practical guidance and connect you with resources to help you prepare.
Our goal is to ensure that you are fully informed, well-prepared, and confident as you take this important step toward U.S. citizenship.
Final Thoughts
For most applicants, the U.S. citizenship test must be taken in English. However, if you meet certain age, residency, or medical requirements, you may take the civics portion of the test in Spanish or another language with an interpreter. Understanding these exemptions and preparing effectively can make the process far less overwhelming.
If you are unsure whether you qualify for an exemption or simply want the reassurance of having a professional on your side, contact Rebecca Black Immigration, PA. Our experienced attorneys are here to guide you through every step of the naturalization process and help you achieve your goal of becoming a U.S. citizen.
